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Theoretical models suggest that social networks influence the evolution ofcooperation, but to date there have been few experimental studies.Observational data suggest that a wide variety of behaviors may spread in humansocial networks, but subjects in such studies can choose to befriend peoplewith similar behaviors, posing difficulty for causal inference. Here, weexploit a seminal set of laboratory experiments that originally showed thatvoluntary costly punishment can help sustain cooperation. In these experiments,subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of different groups in order toplay a series of single-shot public goods games with strangers; this featureallowed us to draw networks of interactions to explore how cooperative anduncooperative behavior spreads from person to person to person. We show that,in both an ordinary public goods game and in a public goods game withpunishment, focal individuals are influenced by fellow group members'contribution behavior in future interactions with other individuals who werenot a party to the initial interaction. Furthermore, this influence persistsfor multiple periods and spreads up to three degrees of separation (from personto person to person to person). The results suggest that each additionalcontribution a subject makes to the public good in the first period is tripledover the course of the experiment by other subjects who are directly orindirectly influenced to contribute more as a consequence. These are the firstresults to show experimentally that cooperative behavior cascades in humansocial networks.

Cooperative Behavior Cascades in Human Social Networks