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While we can't choose our parents, we certainly can choose our friends. And just as we choose our friends, it is also a rite of passage that we break the rules that our parents set, even those that provide healthful benefits. In fact, one of the most common patterns to change with entry into adulthood is the adherence to a “normal” bedtime and disruption in the alignment between periods of activity and sleep with the natural day–night cycle. Indeed, the clock that we learn to disobey is an internal genetically programmed timepiece with near 24-h precision that originally evolved to enable the earliest forms of life on Earth to accurately anticipate the rising and setting of the sun. Importantly, there may even have been a survival benefit to this clock because, at least in plants, misalignment of endogenous period length of the clock with the environmental light cycle reduces survival and diminishes reproduction (1). Interestingly, it has recently been suspected that alignment between behavioral cycles and the light–dark cycle may also provide health benefits to humans, since at clinical and epidemiological levels, a strong correlation has emerged between chronic sleep and circadian disruption and metabolic disease (2). Timing also plays an important role in certain cardiovascular catastrophes and in both hypo- and hyperglycemic crises. Further, the availability of genetically altered animals with mutations in the genes encoding the core molecular clock has supported the idea that clocks are especially important in the regulation of feeding and body weight, in addition to glucose and lipid homeostasis (3–5). Now, with a new report in this issue of PNAS, Scheer et al. (6) provide evidence to support the hypothesis that circadian systems are important to metabolic health not just in mice but also in humans. It is now well established that …

Obeying the clock yields benefits for metabolism