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Uranium and thorium within the Earth produce a major portion of terrestrialheat along with a measurable flux of electron antineutrinos. These elements arekey components in geophysical and geochemical models. Their quantity anddistribution drive the dynamics, define the thermal history, and are aconsequence of the differentiation of the Earth. Knowledge of uranium andthorium concentrations in geological reservoirs relies largely on geochemicalmodel calculations. This research report describes the methods and criteria toexperimentally determine average concentrations of uranium and thorium in thecontinental crust and in the mantle using site-specific measurements of theterrestrial antineutrino flux. Optimal, model-independent determinationsinvolve significant exposures of antineutrino detectors remote from nuclearreactors at both a mid-continental and a mid-oceanic site. This would requiremajor, new antineutrino detection projects. The results of such projects couldyield a greatly improved understanding of the deep interior of the Earth.

Estimating terrestrial uranium and thorium by antineutrino flux measurements