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Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral bacterium that causes gastritis and peptic ulcer and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Although Th1 immunity is involved in gastritis and the accumulation ofH. pylori -specific CD4+ T cells in theH. pylori -infected gastric mucosa in human patients, how T cells are primed withH. pylori antigens is unknown because no apparent lymphoid tissues are present in the stomach. We demonstrate here that Peyer's patches (PPs) in the small intestine play critical roles inH. pylori -induced gastritis; no gastritis is induced inH. pylori -infected mice lacking PPs. We also observed that the coccoid form ofH. pylori is phagocytosed by dendritic cells in PPs. We propose thatH. pylori converts to the coccoid form in the anaerobic small intestine and stimulates the host immune system through PPs.

Role of Peyer's patches in the induction of Helicobacter pylori -induced gastritis