English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In higher plants, very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are the main constituents of hydrophobic polymers that prevent dessication at the leaf surface and provide stability to pollen grains. Of the 21 genes encoding VLCFA elongases (VLCFAEs) from Arabidopsis thaliana, 17 were expressed heterologously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Six VLCFAEs, including three known elongases (FAE1, KCS1, and KCS2) and three previously uncharacterized gene products (encoded by At5g43760, At1g04220, and At1g25450) were found to be enzymatically active with endogenous yeast fatty acid substrates and to some extent with externally supplied unsaturated substrates. The spectrum of VLCFAs accumulated in expressing yeast strains was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Marked specificity was found among elongases tested with respect to their elongation products, which encompassed saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids 20-30 carbon atoms in length. The active VLCFAEs revealed highly distinct patterns of differential sensitivity to oxyacetamides, chloroacetanilides, and other compounds tested, whereas yeast endogenous VLCFA production, which involves its unrelated elongase (ELO) in sphingolipid synthesis, was unaffected. Several compounds inhibited more than one VLCFAE, and some inhibited all six active enzymes. These findings pinpoint VLCFAEs as the target of the widely used K(3) class herbicides, which have been in commercial use for 50 years, provide important clues as to why spontaneous resistance to this class is rare, and point to complex patterns of substrate specificity and product spectrum among members of the Arabidopsis VLCFAE family.

Specific and differential inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases from Arabidopsis thaliana by different herbicides