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Feralbirdsdegradetheenvironmentandhaveanadverseimpactonhumanhealth,welfareandeconomyinmany parts oftheworld.In easternAustralia, commonmyna(Acridotheres tristis),commonstarling (Sturnusvulgaris)andhouse sparrow(Passerdomesticus)haverecentlybecometargetsofcommunitygroupsseekingtocontrolimpactsbyselectivelive- trapping. We sought a safe and practical euthanasia method that could be recommended to such groups for humanely destroying trapped birds. We compared the practicality and humaneness of the following two commonly available inhalant euthanasia agents:(1) carbondioxide (CO2)fromcylinders and(2) carbonmonoxide (CO)fromcooledexhaust fromidling petrolengines.Testbirdswereeuthanasedinconditionsthatpromotedcalm(smallgroupsofbirds;smallcoveredchambers with perches). Video recordings were analysed in real time and at 1/10 speed for signs of distress, and times to recumbency and last movement. In all, 25 mynas and 24 starlings were euthanased with CO2, and 32 mynas, 30 starlings and 8 sparrows with CO. Times to recumbency for birds euthanased with CO2 varied from 20 to 85s and time to last movement from 65 to 153s. For birds euthanased with CO, these times were 7-180s and 43-240s respectively. Mynas and starlings euthanased with CO2 showed substantially more signs of distress (gaping and head-shaking) before recumbency than did birds euthanased withCO,althoughthiswas lesspronouncediftheconcentrationwasincreasedslowly.Nosignsof distresswere observed in any birds euthanased with CO,irrespective of the rate at which theconcentration was increased. CO produced a comparably rapid, and more humane death than did CO2 in birds of all three study species. The study indicated that, with simpleprecautionstoavoidaccidentalexposure,COincooledexhaustfrompetrolenginesprovidesasafe,rapidandhumane agentforeuthanasingmynas,starlingsandsparrows,thatisreadilyavailableataverylowcost.Wetestedonlythreespecies, andtheresultssuggestedthatitwouldbeusefultore-examinetheembargoagainstanimaleuthanasiaviaengineexhaust,that exists in many jurisdictions.

Practicality and humaneness of euthanasia of pest birds with compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from petrol engine exhaust