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In this study, we describe how WRF-Sfire is coupled with WRF-Chem toconstruct WRFSC, an integrated forecast system for wildfire and smokeprediction. The integrated forecast system has the advantage of not requiring asimple plume-rise model and assumptions about the size and heat release fromthe fire in order to determine fire emissions into the atmosphere. WithWRF-Sfire, wildfire spread, plume and plume-top heights are predicted directly,at every WRF timestep, providing comprehensive meteorology and fire emissionsto the chemical transport model WRF-Chem. Evaluation of WRFSC was based oncomparisons between available observations to the results of two WRFSCsimulations. The study found overall good agreement between forecasted andobserved fire spread and smoke transport for the Witch-Guejito fire. Also thesimulated PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) peak concentrations matched theobservations. However, the NO and ozone levels were underestimated in thesimulations and the peak concentrations were mistimed. Determining the terminalor plume-top height is one of the most important aspects of simulating wildfireplume transport, and the study found overall good agreement between simulatedand observed plume-top heights, with some (10% or less) underestimation by thesimulations. One of the most promising results of the study was the agreementbetween passive-tracer modeled plume-top heights for the Barker Canyon firesimulation and observations. This simulation took only 13h, with the first 24hforecast ready in almost 3h, making it a possible operational tool forproviding emission profiles for external chemical transport models.

Toward an integrated system for fire, smoke, and air quality simulations