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PROFESSORS Will Steffen, Lesley Hughes and Jon Barnett spoke of the indisputable evidence of climate change, both in the recent past and projections for the future. The evidence, from the basic physics to observations of the climate system, is very strong that human activities, mainly through the emission of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, are the main cause of global warming since the mid20th century. At the current rate, global warming is projected to lead to an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. Impacts on the infrastructure in Victoria (e.g. on power lines, railways and the capacity to distribute electricity across the state) as a result of extreme events, such as the extreme heat experienced during the summer of 2008–2009 have already been observed. Average temperatures have risen across Victoria by 0.8°C since the 1950s. This trend is forecast to continue for the remainder of the century, resulting in an increase in the number of extreme fire days and a considerable reduction in snow cover in the Alps, which will threaten the alpine ecosystem. Increases in sea levels, which are projected to be up to 1 m, will result in the loss of residential and commercial buildings, sandy beaches, coastal infrastructure, estuaries and wetlands. Managing these risks is called ‘adaptation’, which promises to help address some of the problems associated with climate change. However, although adaptation strategies will help mitigate some of the consequences of climate change, it would be foolish to believe that ‘adaptation’ is a panacea. There are limits, but the scale of the change will far outweigh the capacity to adapt, not to mention the cost and complexity of implementing these adaptation strategies. The current decade is critical and even though it will not be possible to reverse the human-induced climate change, it is possible to limit the change to the climate in the future to allow successful adaptation and eventual reversal of human-induced climate change. It is essential to act now. These issues are addressed in greater detail in this issue of the Journal in the paper climate change in Victoria: trends, predictions and impacts by Lesley Hughes and Will Steffan (2013).

proceedings of the royal society of victoria

Summary of the Public Lecture Addressing the Myths of Climate Change, 20 September 2012, and the Symposium Climate Change Science: Impacts and Adaptation for Victoria, 21–22 September 2012