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Eggs and larvae of three amphidromous species of Rhinogobius goby (Rhinogobius brunneus, Rhinogobius sp. MO and Rhinogobius sp. CB) from Okinawa Island, Japan, were reared under uniform conditions to describe and compare their larval development. Although the larval morphologies of the three species were very similar, some differences were observed in the timing of ontogenetic events among them. R. brunneus had the largest yolk and saved it for a longer period of time, whereas Rhinogobius sp. MO had the smallest yolk, which was exhausted earlier. The period until yolk exhaustion is thought to restrict the distance that migrating larvae can drift, which determines the specific adult distribution. Each of these two amphidromous species are close relatives of different fluvial resident species. Evolution of the fluvial residents could be explained by different scenarios based on the larval traits of R. brunneus and Rhinogobius sp. MO. Rhinogobius sp. CB hatched at a smaller size and grew slower than the other two species. No fluvial species have derived from Rhinogobius sp. CB. One possible explanation is that the smaller and slower-growing larvae of Rhinogobius sp. CB find it more difficult to remain within streams.

Comparative larval development of three amphidromous Rhinogobius species, making reference to their habitat preferences and migration biology