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Alkyl nitrates (ANs) are important nitrogen-containing organic compounds and are usually considered to be temporary reservoirs of reactive nitrogen NO x (NO 2 and NO) in the atmosphere, although their atmospheric fates are incompletely understood. Here a laboratory study of the gas-phase photolysis and OH-initiated reactions of methyl nitrate (CH 3ONO 2) and ethyl nitrate (C 2H 5ONO 2), as models of atmospheric ANs, is reported with a focus on elucidating the detailed photochemical reaction mechanisms of ANs in the atmosphere. A series of intermediate and end products were well characterised for the first time from the photochemical reactions of methyl and ethyl nitrate conducted under simulated atmospheric conditions. Notably, for both the photolysis and OH-initiated reactions of CH 3ONO 2 and C 2H 5ONO 2, unexpectedly high yields of HNO 3 (photochemically non-reactive nitrogen) were found and also unexpectedly high yields of peroxyacyl nitrates (RC(O)OONO 2, where R≤H, CH 3, CH 3CH 2,...) (reactive nitrogen) have been found as CH 3C(O)OONO 2 in the C 2H 5ONO 2 reaction or proposed as HC(O)OONO 2 in the CH 3ONO 2 reaction. Although the yields of HNO 3 from the ANs under ambient conditions are likely variable and different from those obtained in the laboratory experiments reported here, the results imply that the ANs could potentially serve as a sink for reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere. The potential for this dual role of organic nitrates in the nitrogen cycle should be considered in the study of air quality and nitrogen exchange between the atmosphere and surface. Finally, an attempt was made to estimate the production of HNO 3 and peroxyacyl nitrates derived from NO x by ANs as intermediates in the atmosphere. © 2011 CSIRO.

Photochemical reactions of methyl and ethyl nitrate: a dual role for alkyl nitrates in the nitrogen cycle