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Apium leptophyllum (D.C.) F. Muell. (slender celery, wild carrot, or carrot weed) of the Unlbellifereae family is a common annual weed of improved pastures and other cultivated areas in south-east Q~eens1and.l.~ The weed is one of several which are frequently grazed by livestock in the dry winter months and are claimed to impart an objectionable flavour to the milk of dairy cattle. However, conclusive evidence of tainting by A. leptophyllum is lacking. Little is known of the chemical nature of tainting substances although in the case of the cruciferous weeds, mustardoil glucosides and their breakdown products are held re~ponsible.~?~ Examination of A. leptophyllum plants from the Lockyer district of Queensland yielded no trace of mustard-oil glycosides. Steam distillation of fresh plants yielded 0.25% of essential oil possessing an odour reminiscent of crushed carrot leaves and consisting of thymol methyl ether (-7% by wt.), carvacrol methyl ether ( E 9%)) thymoquinol dimethyl ether (29%), 11 terpene hydrocarbons (totalling 45%)) and not less than 10 minor constituents including probably thymol, carvacrol, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The 11 terpene hydrocarbons were provisionally identified by gas chromatography as, in order of decreasing relative amount, yterpinene, p-cymene, P-pinene, a-pinene, myrcene, a-thujene, limonene, sabinene, cisand trans-ocimene, and P-phellandrene. The principal components of A. leptophyllum oil have been administered orally to dairy cattle to determine if they possess the ability to induce the formation of a taint in the milk or derived butter. The aromatic ethers failed to induce taint formation even when 15-ml quantities were administered, whereas a dose of 25 ml of terpene hydrocarbons (equivalent to the amount isolated from 22 kg of plants) produced a definite "feed" or eucalyptus-like taint in milk and butter, as judged by a panel of dairy produce graders. The principal components were added directly to cream and butter to a level detectable by taste and submitted to the panel of graders for taint evaluation. The aromatic ethers produced an unfamiliar taint whereas that produced by 50 p.p.m. of the terpene hydrocarbons was readily associated with the smell of A. leptophyllum. However, the graders could not agree on whether this taint was similar to any of the weed taints commonly occurring in dairy produce.

Some constituents of .Apium leptophyllum (D.C.) F. Muell. in relation to tainting of milk