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It has been shown in previous work that heterozygotes between irradiated and non-irradiated populations of D. melanogaster experience a marked reduction in competitive ability. The effects of allowing the nucleus of a heterozygote gene pool to develop are here investigated and it is found that the total number emerging from a cage containing irradiated, non-irradiated, and heterozygote flies is consider ably increased and the number of heterozygotes themselves shows almost a 100% increase. It is concluded that the opportunity given to the heterozygotes to form an integrated gene pool allows them to overcome much oftheir competitive disability. Further experiments involving three irradiated populations and the three possible hybrids between them which could be formed at each generation showed that these hybrid populations, although having similar radiation histories and containing similar genetic material, had a competitive ability reduced by over half or even three-quarters in many cases, compared with the parental population. It appears that it is the nature of the gene pool rather than its heterozygosity or the individual genes contained in it which largely determines the fitness and competitive ability of the population.

Effects of Radiation on Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster with Different Genetic Structures I. Changes in Fitness and Productivity