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During myocardial revascularization, some surgeons (particularly in the United Kingdom) use intermittent crossclamping with fibrillation as an alternative to cardioplegia. We recently showed that intermittent crossclamping with fibrillation has an intrinsic protection equivalent to that of cardioplegia. In this study we hypothesized that arrest, rather than fibrillation, during intermittent crossclamping may be beneficial. Because esmolol, an ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, is known to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, we compared the protective effect of esmolol arrest with that of intermittent crossclamping with fibrillation and conventional cardioplegia (St Thomas' Hospital solution).

Myocardial protection: The efficacy of an ultra-short-acting β-blocker, esmolol, as a cardioplegic agent