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The transverse-momentum distributions and correlation characteristics ofrelativistic $\alpha$ particles from the coherent dissociation of a carbonnucleus into three $\alpha$ particles at 4.5 GeV/$c$ are studied inlead-enriched emulsion. Comparative analysis of data obtained in ordinary andlead-enriched emulsion stacks is performed. It is shown that the statisticalmodel of rapid fragmentation does not describe the momentum and correlationcharacteristics of a $\alpha$ particles in the rest frame of the carbonnucleus. The estimated decay temperature of $^{12}$C is weakly dependent on thetarget atomic mass. It is shown that the carbon nucleus undergoingfragmentation acquires angular momentum in the collision.

{Coherent Dissociation $^{12}$C~$\rightarrow$~3$\alpha$ in Lead-Enriched Emulsion at 4.5 GeV/$c$~per Nucleon