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Generating out-of-plane spins in sputtered materials holds immense potentialfor achieving field-free spin-orbit torque switching in practical applicationsand mass production. In this work, we present the detection of out-of-planespins from single-layer ferromagnetic Co layers, which are visualized throughhelicity-dependent photomapping techniques. Our experiments have shown thatout-of-plane spin generation is dependent on the magnetization direction,current density, and Co thickness. Our findings indicate that amorphoussputtered Co can be a promising candidate as an out-of-plane spin sourcematerial for industrial massive production.

Visualization of out-of-plane spin generation in mirror symmetry broken Co