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We investigate the different facets of ion acceleration by a relativisticallyintense circularly polarized laser pulse interacting with thin near-criticaldensity plasma targets. Our simulations establish that plasma density gradientand laser frequency chirp can be controlled to switch the interaction from thetransparent to the opaque regimes of operation. This enables one to choosebetween a Maxwellian like ion energy distribution with a cut-off energy, in therelativistically transparent regime, or a quasi-monoenergetic spectrum, in theopaque regime. We subsequently demonstrate that a double-layer multi-speciestarget configuration, can be effectively utilized for optimal generation ofquasi mono-energetic ion bunches of a desired species. We finally demonstrate,the feasibility of generating mono-energetic proton beams with energy peak at$\mathcal{E}\approx20\sim40$ MeV with a narrow energy spread of $\Delta\mathcal{E}/\mathcal{E}\approx18-28.6\%$ confined within a divergence angle of$\sim 175$ millirad at a reasonable laser peak intensity of $I_{0}\simeq5.4\times 10^{20}\, \mathrm{W/cm^2}$.

Controlled transition to different proton acceleration regimes: near-critical density plasmas driven by circularly polarized few cycle pulse