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Triggered ion-acoustic waves are a pair of coupled waves observed in thepreviously unexplored plasma regime near the Sun. They may be capable ofproducing important effects on the solar wind. Because this wave mode has notbeen observed or studied previously and it is not fully understood, the issueof whether it has a natural origin or is an instrumental artifact can beraised. This paper discusses this issue by examining 13 features of the datasuch as whether the triggered ion-acoustic waves are electrostatic, whetherthey are both narrow-band, whether they satisfy the requirement that theelectric field is parallel to the k-vector, whether the phase differencebetween the electric field and the density fluctuations is 90 degrees, whetherthe two waves have the same phase velocity as they must if they are coupled,whether the phase velocity is that of an ion-acoustic wave, whether they areassociated with other parameters such as electron heating, whether the electricfield instrument otherwise performed as expected, etc. The conclusion reachedfrom these analyses is that triggered ion-acoustic waves are highly likely tohave a natural origin although the possibility that they are artifactsunrelated to processes occurring in the natural plasma cannot be eliminated.This inability to absolutely rule out artifacts as the source of a measuredresult is a characteristic of all measurements.

Arguments for the physical nature of the triggered ion-acoustic waves observed on the Parker Solar Probe