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The risks of disease transmission due to these droplets are significantlyhigh in confined public spaces like elevators. A numerical analysis usingOpenFOAM has been performed in this work to investigate the droplet dispersionroutes in an enclosed environment resembling an elevator. The effect of twoscenarios on droplet dispersal, namely the quiescent and the fan-drivenventilation, both subjected to various climatic conditions (of temperature andhumidity) ranging from cold humid (15 degree C, 70 percent relative humidity)to hot dry (30 degree C, 30 percent relative humidity and 30 degree C, 50percent relative humidity) and hot humid (30 degree C, 70 percent relativehumidity) have been studied. A risk factor derived from a dose response modelbased on the time averaged pathogen quantity present around the passengersmouth is used to quantify the risk of infection through airborne mode. It isfound that the hot, dry quiescent scenario poses the greatest threat ofinfection (spatio averaged risk factor 42 percent), whereas the cold humidcondition poses the least risk of infection (spatio averaged risk factor 30percent. The implementation of Fan ventilation at low RPM increases the risk ascompared to a quiescent scenario, however with the increase in speed the riskdecreases significantly. The Fan ventilation scenario with 1100 RPM (having aspatio averaged risk factor of 10 percent) decreases the risk of infection by67 percent in a hot, dry climatic condition as compared to a quiescentscenario. However, there is no significant reduction in risk beyond a certainFan speed, 1100 RPM. The deposition potential of aerosolized droplets invarious parts of the respiratory tract namely the Extrathoracic and theAlveolar and Bronchial regions has been analyzed thoroughly because of theconcomitant repercussions of infection in various depths of the respiratoryregion.

physics of fluids

A comprehensive analysis of the effect of ventilation and climatic  conditions on covid-19 transmission through respiratory droplet transport via  both airborne and fomite mode inside an elevator