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The structure of polar liquids and electrolytic solutions, such as water andaqueous electrolytes, at interfaces underlies numerous phenomena in physics,chemistry, biology, and engineering. In this work, we develop a continuumtheory that captures the essential features of dielectric screening by polarliquids at charged interfaces, including oscillations in charge and mass,starting from the molecular properties of the solvent. The theory predicts ananisotropic dielectric tensor of interfacial polar liquids previously studiedin molecular dynamics simulations. We explore the effect of the interfacialpolar liquid properties on the capacitance of the electrode/electrolyteinterface and on hydration forces between two plane-parallel polarizedsurfaces. In the linear response approximation, we obtain simple formulas forthe characteristic decay lengths of molecular and ionic profiles at theinterface.

Polar Liquids at Charged Interfaces: A Dipolar Shell Theory