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The effects of atomic-scale disorder and charge (de)localization holdssignificant importance,and they provide essential insights in unravelling therole that strong and weak correlations play in condensed matter systems.Forperovskite oxide heterostructures,while disorders introduced via variousexternal stimuli have strong influences on the (de)localization of theinterfacial two-dimensional (2D) electrons, these factors alone could not fullyaccount for the system's charge dynamics where interfacial hybridization holdsvery strong influence.Here, we determine that the displaced 2D free electronsare localized in the specific hybridized states at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3(LAO/STO)interface.This experimental study combines both transport measurements andtemperature-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy and suggests thelocalization of 2D electrons can be induced via temperature reduction or ionicliquid gating and it applies to both amorphous and crystalline interfacialsystems.Specifically, we demonstrate that interfacial hybridization plays apivotal role in regulating the 2D electron localization effects.Our studyresolves the location where the 2D electrons are localized and highlights theimportance of interfacial hybridization and opens further scientificinvestigation of its influence on 2D charge localization in oxideheterointerfaces.

Two-Dimensional Charge Localization at the Perovskite Oxide Interface