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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) may provide low-power, general-purposecomputing in the post-CMOS era. A molecular implementation of QCA featuresnanometer-scale devices and may support THz switching speeds atroom-temperature. Here, we explore the ability of molecular QCA circuits totolerate unwanted applied electric fields, which may come from a variety ofsources. One likely source of strong unwanted electric fields may be electrodesrecently proposed for the write-in of classical bits to molecular QCA inputcircuits. Previous models have shown that the input circuits are sensitive tothe applied field, and a coupled QCA wire can successfully transfer the inputbit to downstream circuits despite strong applied fields. However, the abilityof other QCA circuits to tolerate an applied field has not yet beendemonstrated. Here we study the robustness of various QCA circuits bycalculating their ground state responses in the presence an applied field. Todo this, a circuit is built from several QCA molecules, each described as atwo-state system. A circuit Hamiltonian is formed and diagonalized. Allpairwise interactions between cells are considered, along with allcorrelations. An examination of the ground state shows that these QCA circuitsmay indeed tolerate strong unwanted electric fields. We also show that circuitimmunity to the dominant unwanted field component may be obtained by choosingthe orientation of constituent molecules. This suggests that relatively largeelectrodes used for bit write-in to molecular QCA need not disrupt theoperation of nearby QCA circuits. The circuits may tolerate significantelectric fields from other sources, as well.

Clocked Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Circuits Tolerate Unwanted External Electric Fields