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We report the design and performance of a cryogen-free, pulse-tuberefrigerator (PTR)-based scanning probe microscopy (SPM) system capable ofoperating at the base temperature of near 5K. We achieve this by combining ahome-made interface design between the PTR cold head and the SPM head, with anautomatic gas-handling system. The interface design isolates the PTR vibrationsby a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene and stainless-steel bellows, and byplacing the SPM head on a passive vibration isolation table via two cold stagesthat are connected to thermal radiation shields using copper heat links. Thegas-handling system regulates the helium heat-exchange gas pressures,facilitating both the cool down to and the maintenance of the base temperature.We discuss the effects of each component using measured vibration,current-noise, temperature, and pressure data. We demonstrate that our SPMsystem performance is comparable to known liquid-helium-based systems with themeasurements of the superconducting gap spectrum of Pb, atomic-resolutionscanning tunneling microscopy image and quasiparticle interference pattern ofAu(111) surface, and non-contact atomic force microscopy image of NaCl(100)surface. Without the need for cryogen refills, the current SPM system enablesuninterrupted low-temperature measurements.

Development of a near-5-Kelvin, cryogen-free, pulse-tube refrigerator-based scanning probe microscope