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With a highly coherent, optically addressable electron spin, the nitrogenvacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a promising candidate for a node in a quantumnetwork. However, the NV centre is a poor source of coherent single photonsowing to a long radiative lifetime, a small branching ratio into thezero-phonon line (ZPL) and a poor extraction efficiency out of the high-indexhost material. In principle, these three shortcomings can be addressed byresonant coupling to a single mode of an optical cavity. Utilising theweak-coupling regime of cavity electrodynamics, resonant coupling between theZPL and a single cavity-mode enhances the transition rate and branching ratiointo the ZPL. Furthermore, the cavity channels the light into a well-definedmode thereby facilitating detection with external optics. Here, we present anopen Fabry-Perot microcavity geometry containing a single-crystal diamondmembrane, which operates in a regime where the vacuum electric field isstrongly confined to the diamond membrane. There is a field anti-node at thediamond-air interface. Despite the presence of surface losses, quality factorsexceeding $120\,000$ and a finesse $\mathcal{F}=11\,500$ were observed. Weinvestigate the interplay between different loss mechanisms, and the impactthese loss channels have on the performance of the cavity. This analysissuggests that the "waviness" (roughness with a spatial frequency comparable tothat of the microcavity mode) is the mechanism preventing the quality factorsfrom reaching even higher values. Finally, we apply the extracted cavityparameters to the NV centre and calculate a predicted Purcell factor exceeding150.

High quality-factor diamond-confined open microcavity