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It has long been thought that shear band (SB) formation in amorphous solidsinitiates from relatively 'soft' regions in the material in which large-scalenon-affine deformations become localized. The test of this hypothesis requiresan effective means of identifying 'soft' regions and their evolution as thematerial is deformed to varying degrees, where the metric of 'softness' mustalso account for the effect of temperature on local material stiffness. We showthat the mean square atomic displacement on a caging timescale <u2>, the'Debye-Waller factor', provides a useful method for estimating the shearmodulus of the entire material and, by extension, the material stiffness at anatomic scale. Based on this 'softness' metrology, we observe that SB formationindeed occurs through the strain-induced formation of localized soft regions inour deformed metallic glass free-standing films. Unexpectedly, the criticalstrain condition of SB formation occurs when the softness (<u2>) distributionwithin the emerging soft regions approaches that of the interfacial region inits undeformed state, initiating an instability with similarities to thetransition to turbulence. Correspondingly, no SBs arise when the material is sothin that the entire material can be approximately described as being'interfacial' in nature. We also quantify relaxation in the glass and thenature and origin of highly non-Gaussian particle displacements in thedynamically heterogeneous SB regions at times longer than the caging time.

The Initiation of Shear Band Formation in Deformed Metallic Glasses from Soft Localized Domains