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Quantum computing is an emerging field of science which will eventually leadus to new and powerful logic devices with capabilities far beyond the limits ofcurrent transistor-based technology. There are certain types of problems whichquantum computers can solve fundamentally faster than the tradition digitalcomputers. There are quantum algorithms which require both superposition andentanglement (e.g. Shor algorithm). But neither the Grover algorithm nor thevery first quantum algorithm due to Deutsch and Jozsa need entanglement. Is itpossible to utilize classical wave superposition to speedup database search?This interesting question was analyzed by S. Lloyd. It was concluded thatclassical devices that rely on wave interference may provide the same speedupover classical digital devices as quantum devices. There were severalexperimental works using optical beam superposition for emulating Groveralgorithm. It was concluded that the use of classical wave superposition comeswith the cost of exponential increase of the resources. Since then, it iswidely believed that the use of classical wave superposition for quantumalgorithms is inevitably leading to an exponential resources overhead (numberof devices, power consumption, precision requirements). In this work, wedescribe a classical Oracle machine which utilizes classical wave superpositionfor database search and data processing. We present experimental data onmagnetic database search using spin wave superposition. The data show afundamental speedup over the digital computers without any exponential resourceoverhead. We argue that in some cases the classical wave-based approach mayprovide the same speedup in database search as quantum computers.

Quantum Computing without Quantum Computers: Database Search and Data Processing Using Classical Wave Superposition