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Recently, Nb superconducting radio frequency cavities vacuum heat treatedbetween 300-400 C for a few hours have exhibited very high quality factors(~5x10^10 at 2.0 K). New secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements of O, Nand C show this enhancement in RF surface conductivity is primarily associatedwith interstitial O alloying via dissolution and diffusion of the native oxide.We use a theory of oxide decomposition and O diffusion to quantify previouslyunknown parameters crucial in modeling this process. RF measurements of avacuum heat treated Nb superconducting radio frequency cavity confirm theminimized surface resistance (higher Q0) previously expected only from 800 Cdiffusive alloying with N.

RF surface resistance tuning of superconducting niobium via thermal diffusion of native oxide