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Time-domain Brillouin scattering uses ultrashort laser pulses to generatecoherent acoustic pulses of picoseconds duration in a solid sample and tofollow their propagation in order to image material inhomogeneities withsub-optical depth resolution. The width of the acoustic pulse limits thespatial resolution of the technique along the direction of the pulsepropagation to less than several tens of nanometres. Thus, the time-domainBrillouin scattering outperforms axial resolution of the classicalfrequency-domain Brillouin scattering microscopy, which uses continuous lasersand thermal phonons and which spatial resolution is controlled by lightfocusing. The technique benefits from the application of the coherent acousticphonons, and its application has exciting perspectives for the nanoscaleimaging in biomedical and material sciences. In this study, we report on theapplication of the time-domain Brillouin scattering to the 3D imaging of apolycrystal of water ice containing two high-pressure phases. The imaging,accomplished via a simultaneous detection of quasi-longitudinal and quasi-shearwaves, provided the opportunity to identify the phase for individual grains andevaluate their crystallographic orientation. Monitoring the propagation of theacoustic waves in two neighbouring grains simultaneously provided an additionalmean for the localisation of the grain boundaries.

3D characterisation of individual grains of coexisting high-pressure H2O ice phases by time-domain Brillouin scattering