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Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe and are held responsiblefor the production of non-thermal particles and high-energy radiation. In theabsence of particle collisions in the system, theoretical works show that theinteraction of an expanding plasma with a pre-existing electromagneticstructure (as in our case) is able to induce energy dissipation and allow forshock formation. Shock formation can alternatively take place when two plasmasinteract, through microscopic instabilities inducing electromagnetic fieldswhich are able in turn to mediate energy dissipation and shock formation. Usingour platform where we couple a fast-expanding plasma induced by high-powerlasers (JLF/Titan at LLNL and LULI2000) with high-strength magnetic fields, wehave investigated the generation of magnetized collisionless shock and theassociated particle energization. We have characterized the shock to becollisionless and super-critical. We report here on measurements of the plasmadensity, temperature, the electromagnetic field structures, and particleenergization in the experiments, under various conditions of ambient plasma andB-field. We have also modeled the formation of the shocks using macroscopichydrodynamic simulations and the associated particle acceleration using kineticparticle-in-cell simulations. As a companion paper of\citet{yao2020laboratory}, here we show additional results of the experimentsand simulations, providing more information to reproduce them and demonstratingthe robustness of our interpreted proton energization mechanism to be shocksurfing acceleration.

Detailed characterization of laboratory magnetized super-critical collisionless shock and of the associated proton energization