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The performance of direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions reliescritically on the coupling of laser energy to the target plasma. Cross-beamenergy transfer (CBET), the resonant exchange of energy between intersectinglaser beams mediated by ponderomotively driven ion-acoustic waves (IAW),inhibits this coupling by scattering light into unwanted directions. Thevariety of beam intersection angles and varying plasma conditions in animplosion results in IAWs with a range of phase velocities. Here we show thatCBET saturates through a resonance detuning that depends on the IAW phasevelocity and that results from trapping-induced modifications to the iondistribution functions. For smaller phase velocities, the modifications to thedistribution functions can rapidly thermalize in the presence of mid-Z ions,leading to a blueshift in the resonant frequency. For larger phase velocities,the modifications can persist, leading to a redshift in the resonant frequency.Ultimately, these results may reveal pathways towards CBET mitigation andinform reduced models for radiation hydrodynamics codes to improve theirpredictive capability.

Cross-beam energy transfer saturation by ion trapping-induced detuning