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There are several mechanisms by which the frequency spectrum of a laserbroadens when it propagates at near-relativistic-intensity in tenuous plasma.Focusing on one dimensional effects, we identify two strong opticalnonlinearities, namely, four-wave mixing (FWM) and forward Raman scattering(FRS), for creating octave-wide spectra. FWM dominates the interaction when thelaser pulse is short and intense; Its combination with phase modulationproduces a symmetrically broadened supercontinuum. FRS dominates when the laserpulse is long and relatively weak; It broadens the laser spectrum mainlytowards lower frequencies and produces a frequency comb. The creation of thesupercontinuum and frequency combs only frequency modulates, but does notcompress, the laser pulse.

Generating optical supercontinuum and frequency comb in tenuous plasmas