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Magnetic imaging based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond hasemerged as a powerful tool for probing magnetic phenomena in fields rangingfrom biology to physics. A key strength of NV sensing is its local-probenature, enabling high-resolution spatial images of magnetic stray fieldsemanating from a sample. However, this local character can also form a drawbackfor analysing the global properties of a system, such as a phase transitiontemperature. Here, we address this challenge by using statistical analyses ofmagnetic-field maps to characterize the first-order temperature-drivenmetamagnetic phase transition from the antiferromagnetic to the ferromagneticstate in FeRh. After imaging the phase transition and identifying the regimesof nucleation, growth, and coalescence of ferromagnetic domains, westatistically characterize the spatial magnetic-field maps to extract thetransition temperature and thermal hysteresis width. By analysing the spatialcorrelations of the maps and their dependence on an external magnetic field, weinvestigate the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and detect a reorientation ofdomain walls across the phase transition. The employed statistical approach canbe extended to the study of other magnetic phenomena with NV magnetometry orother sensing techniques.

Magnetic imaging and statistical analysis of the metamagnetic phase transition of FeRh with electron spins in diamond