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Time-resolved radiography can be used to obtain absolute shock Hugoniotstates by simultaneously measuring at least two mechanical parameters of theshock, and this technique is particularly suitable for one-dimensionalconverging shocks where a single experiment probes a range of pressures as theconverging shock strengthens. However, at sufficiently high pressures, theshocked material becomes hot enough that the x-ray opacity falls significantly.If the system includes a Lagrangian marker, such that the mass within themarker is known, this additional information can be used to constrain theopacity as well as the Hugoniot state. In the limit that the opacity changesonly on shock heating, and not significantly on subsequent isentropiccompression, the opacity of shocked material can be determined uniquely. Moregenerally, it is necessary to assume the form of the variation of opacity withisentropic compression, or to introduce multiple marker layers. Alternatively,assuming either the equation of state or the opacity, the presence of a markerlayer in such experiments enables the non-assumed property to be deduced moreaccurately than from the radiographic density reconstruction alone. An exampleanalysis is shown for measurements of a converging shock wave in polystyrene,at the National Ignition Facility.

Simultaneous compression and opacity data from time-series radiography with a Lagrangian marker