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Plasma emission (PE), i.e., electromagnetic radiation at the plasma frequencyand its second harmonic, is a general process occurring in both astrophysicaland laboratory plasmas. The prevailing theory presents a multi-stage processattributed to the resonant coupling of beam-excited Langmuir waves withion-acoustic waves. Here we examine another possibility of the fundamental PEinduced by the resonant coupling of Z-mode and whistler (W) waves. Earlierstudies have been controversial in the plausibility and significance of suchprocess in plasmas. In this study we show that the matching condition of threewave resonant interaction (Z+W ! O) can be satisfied over a wide regime ofparameters based on the magnetoionic theory, demonstrate the occurrence of suchprocess and further evaluate the rate of energy conversion from the pumped Z orW mode to the fundamental O mode with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations ofwave pumping. The study presents an alternative form of the fundamental PE,which could possibly play a role in various astrophysical and laboratoryscenarios with both Z and W modes readily excited through the electroncyclotron maser instability.

An alternative form of the fundamental plasma emission through the coalescence of Z-mode waves with whistlers