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The study of deterministic chaos continues to be one of the importantproblems in the field of nonlinear dynamics. Interest in the study of chaosexists both in low-dimensional dynamical systems and in large ensembles ofcoupled oscillators. In this paper, we study the emergence of spatio-temporalchaos in chains of locally coupled identical pendulums with constant torque.The study of the scenarios of the emergence (disappearance) and properties ofchaos is done as a result of changes in: (i) the individual properties ofelements due to the influence of dissipation in this problem, and (ii) theproperties of the entire ensemble under consideration, determined by the numberof interacting elements and the strength of the connection between them. It isshown that an increase of dissipation in an ensemble with a fixed couplingforce and elements number can lead to the appearance of chaos as a result of acascade of period doubling bifurcations of periodic rotational motions or as aresult of invariant tori destruction bifurcation. Chaos and hyperchaos canoccur in an ensemble by adding or excluding one or more elements. Moreover,chaos arises hard, since in this case the control parameter is discrete. Theinfluence of the coupling strength on the occurrence of chaos is specific. Theappearance of chaos occurs with small and intermediate coupling and is causedby the overlap of the various out-of-phase rotational modes regions existence.The boundaries of these areas are determined analytically and confirmed in anumerical experiment. Chaotic regimes in the chain do not exist if the couplingstrength is strong enough.

Appearance of chaos and hyperchaos in evolving pendulum network