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Single photon detectors are indispensable tools in optics, from fundamentalmeasurements to quantum information processing. The ability of superconductingnanowire single photon detectors to detect single photons with unprecedentedefficiency, short dead time and high time resolution over a large frequencyrange enabled major advances in quantum optics. However, combining near-unitysystem detection efficiency with high timing performance remains an outstandingchallenge. In this work, we show novel superconducting nanowire single photondetectors fabricated on membranes with 94-99.5 (plus minus 2.07%) systemdetection efficiency in the wavelength range 1280-1500 nm. The SiO2/Au membraneenables broadband absorption in small SNSPDs, offering high detectionefficiency in combination with high timing performance. With low noisecryogenic amplifiers operated in the same cryostat, our efficient detectorsreach timing jitter in the range of 15-26 ps. We discuss the prime challengesin optical design, device fabrication as well as accurate and reliabledetection efficiency measurements to achieve high performance single-photondetection. As a result, the fast-developing fields of quantum informationscience, quantum metrology, infrared imaging and quantum networks will greatlybenefit from this far-reaching quantum detection technology.

Detecting Infrared Single Photons with Near-Unity System Detection Efficiency