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In order to better understand the hydroplaning phenomenon, local velocitymeasurements of water flow are performed inside the tire grooves of a real carrolling through a water puddle. Velocity fields are obtained by combiningrefraction Particle Image Velocimetry (r-PIV) illumination, seeding fluorescentparticles and either the classical 2D2C or a 2D3C stereoscopic recordingarrangements. The presence of some bubble columns inside the grooves ishighlighted by separate visualisation using fluorescent contrast techniqueevidencing two phase flow characteristics. A simple predictive model isproposed supporting the r-PIV analysis. It provides useful information toadjust the focusing distance and to understand the effect of the bubble columnpresence on the recorded r-PIV images, especially for the seeding particleslocated in the upper part of the grooves, as fluorescent light is attenuated bythe bubbles. Also, the predictions provided by the model are compatible withthe measurements. The velocity fields inside the grooves are analysed usingensemble averaging performed over a set of independent snapshots, recorded withthe same operating parameters. The variability of the longitudinal velocitydistribution measured in a groove for several independent runs is explained bydifferent mechanisms, like the random position of fluorescent seeding particlesat various height of the groove, the hydrodynamic interactions betweenlongitudinal and transverse grooves, and the random location of the transversegrooves from one run to an other. Three velocity components in cross-sectionsof the longitudinal grooves are obtained using the stereoscopic arrangement.They are compatible with the presence of some longitudinal vortices alsoassumed in the litterature.

Analysis of the water flow inside tire grooves of a rolling car using r-PIV