English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The polarization and strain response of ferroelectric materials at fieldsbelow the macroscopic coercive field is of a paramount importance for theoperation of many electronic devices. The response of real ferroelectric andrelated materials is in general complex and difficult to interpret. The reasonfor this is that many processes in a ferroelectric material contribute to itsproperties, often concurrently. Examples include motion of ferroelectric andferroelastic domains, presence of domains within domains, dynamics of differenttypes of polar nano-entities, interaction of polar nano-entities (e.g., polarnanoregions in relaxors) with the strain and polarization within domains,motion of defects and rearrangement of defect clusters and their interactionwith polarization and strain. One signature of these processes is nonlinearityof the strain and polarization. Most ferroelectrics exhibit nonlinear responseat all practical field levels meaning that the apparent material coefficientsdepend on the amplitude of the driving excitation. In this paper we show thatan investigation of nonlinear behavior is a sensitive way to study variousmechanisms operating in dielectric and piezoelectric materials. We review thebasic formalism of the nonlinear description of polarization and strain, give aphysical interpretation of different terms and illustrate this approach onnumerous examples of relaxors, relaxor ferroelectrics, hard and softferroelectrics, and morphotropic phase boundary compositions. An experimentalapproach based on a lock-in technique that is well-suited for such studies isalso discussed.

Dielectric and electro-mechanic nonlinearities in perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, relaxors and relaxor ferroelectrics