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This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation ofsolid-liquid fluidized beds consisting of bonded spheres in very narrow tubes,i.e., when the ratio between the tube and grain diameters is small. In narrowbeds, high confinement effects have proved to induce crystallization, jammingand different patterns, which can be intensified or modified if some grains arebonded together. In order to investigate that, we produced duos and trios ofbonded aluminum spheres with diameter of 4.8 mm, and formed beds consistingeither of 150-300 duos or 100-200 trios in a 25.4 mm-ID pipe, which weresubmitted to water velocities above those necessary for fluidization. For theexperiments, we filmed the bed with high-speed and conventional cameras andprocessed the images, obtaining measurements at both the bed and grain scales.For the numerical part, we computed the bed evolution for the same conditionswith a CFD-DEM (computational fluid dynamics - discrete element method) code.Our results show distinct motions for individual duos and trios, and differentstructures within the bed. We also found that jamming may occur suddenly fortrios, where even the microscopic motion (fluctuation at the grain scale)stops, calling into question the fluidization conditions for those cases.

Motion and clustering of bonded particles in narrow solid-liquid fluidized beds