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When boiling occurs in a liquid flow field, the phenomenon is known asforced-convection boiling. We numerically investigate such a boiling system ona cylinder in a flow at a saturated condition. To deal with the complicatedliquid-vapor phase-change phenomenon, we develop a numerical scheme based onthe pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The collision stage isperformed in the space of central moments (CMs) to enhance numerical stabilityfor high Reynolds numbers. The adopted forcing scheme, consistent with theCMs-based LBM, leads to a concise yet robust algorithm. Furthermore, additionalterms required to ensure thermodynamic consistency are derived in a CMsframework. The effectiveness of the present scheme is successfully testedagainst a series of boiling processes, including nucleation, growth, anddeparture of a vapor bubble for Reynolds numbers varying between 30 and 30000.Our CMs-based LBM can reproduce all the boiling regimes, i.e., nucleateboiling, transition boiling, and film boiling, without any artificial inputsuch as initial vapor phase. We find that the typical boiling curve, also knownas the Nukiyama curve, appears even though the focused system is not the poolboiling but the forced-convection system. Also, our simulations supportexperimental observations of intermittent direct solid-liquid contact even inthe film-boiling regime. Finally, we provide quantitative comparison with thesemi-empirical correlations for the forced-convection film boiling on acylinder on the Nu-Ja diagram.

Lattice Boltzmann modeling and simulation of forced-convection boiling on a cylinder