English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Axisymmetric fountains in stratified environments rise until reaching amaximum height, where the vertical momentum vanishes, and then falls and spreadradially as an annular plume following a well-known top-hat profile. Here,firstly, we generalize the model of Morton et al. (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A\textbf{234}, 1, 1956), in order to correctly determine the dependence of themaximum height and the spreading height with the parameters involved. We obtainthe critical conditions for the collapse of the fountain, \textit i.e. when thejet falls up to the source level, and show that the spreading height must beexpressed as a function of at least two parameters. To improve the quantitativeagreement with the experiments we modify the criterion to take the mixingprocess in the down flow into account. Numerical simulations were implementedto estimate the parameter values that characterizes this merging. We show thatour generalized model agrees very well with the experimental measurements.

Spreading height and critical conditions for the collapse of turbulent fountains in stratified media