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High-precision nonlocal temporal correlation identification in the entangledphoton pairs is critical to measure the time offset between remote independenttime scales for many quantum information applications. The first nonlocalcorrelation identification was reported in 2009, which extracts the time offsetvia the algorithm of iterative fast Fourier transformations (FFTs) and theirinverse. The least identification resolution is restricted by the peakidentification threshold of the algorithm, and thus the time offset calculationprecision is limited. In this paper, an improvement for the identification ispresented both in the resolution and precision via a modified algorithm ofdirect cross correlation extraction. A flexible resolution down to 1 ps isrealized, which is only dependent on the Least Significant Bit (LSB) resolutionof the time-tagging device. The attainable precision is shown mainly determinedby the inherent timing jitter of the single photon detectors, the acquired pairrate and acquisition time, and a sub picosecond precision (0.72 ps) has beenachieved at an acquisition time of 4.5 s. This high-precision nonlocalmeasurement realization provides a solid foundation for the field applicationsof entanglement-based quantum clock synchronization, ranging andcommunications.

High-precision nonlocal temporal correlation identification of entangled photon pairs for quantum clock synchronization