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Ultra-long-chain fatty acids (ULCFAs) are biosynthesized in the restrictedtissues such as retina, testis, and skin. The conformation of a single ULCFA,in which the sn-1 unsaturated chain has 32 carbons, in three types oftensionless phospholipid bilayers is studied by molecular dynamics simulations.It is found that the ultra-long tail of the ULCFA flips between two leafletsand fluctuates among an elongation into the opposite leaflet, lying between twoleaflets, and turning back. As the number ratio of lipids in the oppositeleaflet increases, the ratio of the elongated shape linearly decreases in allthree cases. Thus, ULCFAs can sense the density differences between the twoleaflets and respond to these changes.

Conformation of ultra-long-chain fatty acid in lipid bilayer: Molecular dynamics study