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Precise characterization and tailoring of the spatial and temporal evolutionof plasma density within plasma sources is critical for realizing high-qualityaccelerated beams in plasma wakefield accelerators. The simultaneous use of twoindependent diagnostic techniques allowed the temporally and spatially resolveddetection of plasma density with unprecedented sensitivity and enabled thecharacterization of the plasma temperature at local thermodynamic equilibriumin discharge capillaries. A common-path two-color laser interferometer forobtaining the average plasma density with a sensitivity of $2\times 10^{15}$cm$^{-2}$ was developed together with a plasma emission spectrometer foranalyzing spectral line broadening profiles with a resolution of $5\times10^{15}$ cm$^{-3}$. Both diagnostics show good agreement when applying thespectral line broadening analysis methodology of Gigosos and Carde{\~n}oso.Measured longitudinally resolved plasma density profiles exhibit a cleartemporal evolution from an initial flat-top to a Gaussian-like shape in thefirst microseconds as material is ejected out from the capillary, deviatingfrom the often-desired flat-top profile. For plasma with densities of0.5-$2.5\times 10^{17}$ cm$^{-3}$, temperatures of 1-7 eV were indirectlymeasured. These measurements pave the way for highly detailed parameter tuningin plasma sources for particle accelerators and beam optics.

Evolution of longitudinal plasma-density profiles in discharge capillaries for plasma wakefield accelerators