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Magnetic skyrmions hold promise for spintronic devices. To explore thedynamical properties of skyrmions in devices, a nanoscale method to image spintextures in response to a stimulus is essential. Here, we apply a technique foroperando electrical current pulsing of chiral magnetic devices in a Lorentztransmission electron microscope. In ferromagnetic multilayers with interfacialDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), we study the creation and annihilationof skyrmions localized by point-like pinning sites due to defects. Using acombination of experimental and micromagnetic techniques, we establish athermal contribution for the creation and annihilation of skyrmions in ourstudy. Our work reveals a mechanism for controlling skyrmion density, whichenables an examination of skyrmion magnetic field stability as a function ofdensity. We find that high-density skyrmion states are more stable thanlow-density states or isolated skyrmions resisting annihilation over a magneticfield range that increases monotonically with density.

Operando Control of Skyrmion Density in a Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscope with Current Pulses