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High-speed visible imaging of sub-microsecond electric explosion of wires atthe low specific energy deposition threshold reveals three distinct modes ofwire failure as capacitor charge voltage and energy deposition are increased.For 100 micron diameter gold-plated tungsten wires of 2 cm length, depositedenergies of 1.9 eV/atom produces a liquid column that undergoes hydrodynamicbreakup into droplets with radii of order of wire diameter on timescales of 200microseconds. Instability growth, column breakup, and droplet coalescencefollow classic Rayleigh-Plateau predictions for instability of fluid column.Above 3.2 eV/atom of deposited energy, wires are seen to abruptly transition toan expanding mixture of micron scale liquid-droplets and vapor within one frame(less than 3.33 microseconds), which has been termed phase explosion inliterature. Between these two limits, at 2.5 eV/atom of deposited energy, wireradius is unchanged for the first 10 microseconds before the onset of a rapidexpansion and disintegration that resembles homogeneous nucleation ofmechanically unstable bubbles. Thermodynamic calculations are presented thatseparate cases by temperature obtained during heating: below boiling point,near boiling point, and exceeding boiling point.

High-Speed Imaging of Transition from Fluid Breakup to Phase Explosion in Electric Explosion of Tungsten Wires in Air