English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

We investigate the interaction of electromagnetic waves and electron beams ina 4 meters long traveling wave tube (TWT). The device is specially designed tosimulate beam-plasma experiments without appreciable noise. This TWT presentsan upgraded slow wave structure (SWS) that results in more precise measurementsand makes new experiments possible. We introduce a theoretical model describingwave propagation through the SWS and validated by the experimental dispersionrelation, impedance, phase and group velocities. We analyze nonlinear effectsarising from the beam-wave interaction, such as the modulation of the electronbeam and the wave growth and saturation process. When the beam current is low,the wave growth coefficient and saturation amplitude follow the linear theorypredictions. However, for high values of current, nonlinear space chargeeffects become important and these parameters deviate from the linearpredictions, tending to a constant value. After saturation, we also observetrapping of the beam electrons, which alters the wave amplitude along the TWT.

Wave-particle interactions in a long traveling wave tube with upgraded helix