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The performance of superconducting circuits for quantum computing is limitedby materials losses. In particular, coherence times are typically bounded bytwo-level system (TLS) losses at single photon powers and millikelvintemperatures. The identification of low loss fabrication techniques, materials,and thin film dielectrics is critical to achieving scalable architectures forsuperconducting quantum computing. Superconducting microwave resonators providea convenient qubit proxy for assessing performance and studying TLS loss andother mechanisms relevant to superconducting circuits such as non-equilibriumquasiparticles and magnetic flux vortices. In this review article, we providean overview of considerations for designing accurate resonator experiments tocharacterize loss, including applicable types of loss, cryogenic setup, devicedesign, and methods for extracting material and interface losses, summarizingtechniques that have been evolving for over two decades. Results frommeasurements of a wide variety of materials and processes are also summarized.Lastly, we present recommendations for the reporting of loss data fromsuperconducting microwave resonators to facilitate materials comparisons acrossthe field.

Materials loss measurements using superconducting microwave resonators