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The efficient modulation and control of ultrafast signals on-chip is ofcentral importance in terahertz (THz) communications and a promising routetoward sub-diffraction limit THz spectroscopy. Two-dimensional (2D) materialsmay provide a platform for these endeavors. We explore this potential,integrating high-quality graphene p-n junctions within two types of planartransmission line circuits to modulate and emit picosecond pulses. In acoplanar stripline geometry, we demonstrate electrical modulation of THz signaltransmission by 95%. In a Goubau waveguide geometry, we achieve completegate-tunable control over THz emission from a photoexcited graphene junction.These studies inform the development of on-chip signal manipulation andhighlight prospects for 2D materials in THz applications.

On-chip terahertz modulation and emission with integrated graphene junctions