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Gas-filled hohlraums are presently the base line ignition target design for the National Ignition Facility. Initial Nova [E. M. Campbell et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 2101 (1986).] experiments on gas-filled hohlraums showed that radiation temperature was reduced due to stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering losses and that implosion symmetry had shifted compared with vacuum hohlraums and calculations. Subsequent single beam experiments imaging thermal x-ray emission showed the shift is due to laser–plasma heating dynamics and filamentation in a flowing plasma. Experiments using a single beam have shown that scattering losses and effects of filamentation are reduced when the beam is spatially smoothed with a random phase plate or kinoform phase plate. Scattering is further reduced to less than 5% of the incident laser energy when temporal smoothing is added.

Improved gas-filled hohlraum performance on Nova with beam smoothing