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Over the past few decades the experimental literature has consistentlyreported observations of attraction between like-charged colloidal particlesand macromolecules in solution. Examples include nucleic acids and colloidalparticles in bulk solution and under confinement, and biological liquid-liquidphase separation. This observation is at odds with the intuitive expectation ofan interparticle repulsion that decays monotonically with distance. Althoughattraction between like-charged particles can be theoretically rationalised inthe strong-coupling regime, for example, in the presence of multivalentcounterions, recurring accounts of long-range attraction in aqueous solutioncontaining monovalent ions at low ionic strength have posed an open conundrum.Here we show that the behaviour of molecular water at an interface -traditionally disregarded in the continuum electrostatics picture, provides amechanism to explain attraction between like-charged objects in a broadspectrum of experiments. This basic principle will have important ramificationsin the ongoing quest to better understand intermolecular interactions insolution.

Interfacial solvation explains attraction between like-charged objects in aqueous solution